"Imaam Muslim said that Yahyaa ibn Ayyoob narrated to him that Qutaybah and Ibn Hujr said: Ismaa'eel narrated to us from al-'Alaa' from his father from Aboo Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allaah (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) said: "Do you know what gheebah (backbiting) is?" They said, "Allaah and His Messenger know best." He said: "That you mention about your brother something he dislikes." It was said, "What if what I say is true about him?" He said: "If he is really like what you have said, then you have backbitten him (gheebah), and if it is not true, then you have slandered him (buhtaan)." It is not ever permissible to slander people, not the people of innovation, not even the kuffaar. I believe you are referring to gheebah (backbiting). Slandering (buhtaan) is lying on someone, and backbiting is stating the truth about someone, something that he would not like to hear.
and only becomes permissible in certain instances, like warning against a harmful person (including innovators, thiefs, people who cause corruption, weak narrators and liars, etc.), consulting a judge about the oppression of a person, seeking help in correcting a wrong, etc. It is not something only related to the 'aqeedah or manhaj of a person. Refer to Imaam an-Nawawee's chapter on Backbiting from Riyaadh as-Saaliheen and then the chapter after it about the exceptions to its prohibition.
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